There is an estimation of over 100,000 Burmese migrant workers living in Tak Province. Lack of recognition by the Thai government causes most migrants to live in unstable situations. Poverty, poor sanitation and health, and sexual abuse are widespread. Only registered migrants are eligible for Thai government health and social services. Migrant workers are an especially vulnerable population. Many people work and live in factories unaccompanied, resulting in a lack of social support and supervision from their families and communities.

As cultural norms prohibit premarital relations, young people are often overlooked by health education projects including family planning and HIV-prevention. Without proper family planning, high numbers of unwanted pregnancies undoubtedly occur. Lack of access to hospitals and clinics probably combined with the comfort that comes with traditional practices, has kept the number of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) high. In addition to aiding in births, some TBAs also perform abortions.

Moreover, an unfortunate consequence of the inhospitable environment for women and families has been a clear trend in child abandonment within the migrant workers' community. A large percentage of abortions and new HIV infections happen in the young migrant community. Many local health facilities report increasing numbers of young people seeking treatment for STDs and the consequences of unsafe abortion.

Many of the migrant workers do not go to area clinics because of financial difficulties and security concerns. In 2000, SAW operated a Mobile Medical Team which treated minor illnesses, assisted with cases of malnutrition and provided health education and awareness for women and children. In cases of serious illness, the Mobile Medical Team arranged and sent migrant workers to Mae Sot hospital and Mae Tao Clinic. In two years of operating the Mobile Health Team, SAW mobile medics treated more then 5,000 patients. SAW stopped it's Mobile Medical Team in 2004 because of security concerns. However, in 2003, SAW started operating Reproductive Health Program.